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Compare Saint Helena (2001) - Arctic Ocean (2008)

Compare Saint Helena (2001) z Arctic Ocean (2008)

 Saint Helena (2001)Arctic Ocean (2008)
 Saint HelenaArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha* -
Age structure 0-14 years:
19.08% (male 699; female 687)

15-64 years:
71.72% (male 2,711; female 2,500)

65 years and over:
9.2% (male 286; female 383) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha) -
Airports 1 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
410 sq km

land:
410 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes St. Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, St. Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 13.49 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$11.2 million

expenditures:
$11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92)		 -
Capital Jamestown -
Climate Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 60 km 45,389 km
Constitution 1 January 1989 -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Saint Helena		 -
Currency Saint Helenian pound (SHP) -
Death rate 6.33 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international none some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997) -
Economy - overview The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 5.6 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 6 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues NA endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Ethnic groups African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25% -
Exchange rates Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound -
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor and Commander in Chief David HOLLAMBY (since NA June 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch		 -
Exports $704,000 (f.o.b., 1995) -
Exports - commodities fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts -
Exports - partners South Africa, UK -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship -
GDP purchasing power parity - $18 million (1998 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 15 56 S, 5 42 W 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Highways total:
158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

paved:
138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)

unpaved:
NA km 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $14.434 million (c.i.f., 1995) -
Imports - commodities food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts -
Imports - partners UK, South Africa -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing -
Infant mortality rate 22.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (1997 est.) -
International organization participation ICFTU -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km -
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court -
Labor force 3,500 (1998 est.)

note:
1,200 of whom are working offshore		 -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
82% (1993 est.)		 -
Languages English -
Legal system NA -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (15 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 July 1997 (next to be held NA August 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.01 years

male:
74.13 years

female:
80.04 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 20 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
97%

female:
98% (1987 est.)		 -
Location islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about mid-way between South America and Africa body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 -
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) -
Nationality noun:
Saint Helenian(s)

adjective:
Saint Helenian		 -
Natural hazards active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources fish sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders none -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 7,266 (July 2001 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 0.72% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 3,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.08 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage NA years of age -
Telephone system general assessment:
can communicate with any place in the world

domestic:
automatic network

international:
HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK ; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 2,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) -
Terrain Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains

note:
the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin		 central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 14% (1998 est.) -
Waterways none -
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